President

Chairman

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The chairman is the highest office of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office is typically elected or appointed by the members of the group. The chairman presides over meetings of the assembled group and conducts its business in an orderly fashion. When the group is not in session, the officer's duties often include acting as its head, its representative to the outside world and its spokesperson.

Terminology

Other terms sometimes used for the office and its holder include presiding officer, president, moderator, chair, and convener. The chairman of a parliamentary chamber is often called the speaker. Though chairwoman is sometimes used as a female counterpart to chairman, the terms chair and chairperson are sometimes used to avoid gendered titles altogether. The National Association of Parliamentarians does not approve using "chairperson". In the United States, the presiding officer of the "lower" house of a legislative body, such as the House of Representatives, is frequently titled the Speaker, while the "upper" house, such as the Senate, is commonly chaired by a President.

A vice-chairman, subordinate to the chairman, is sometimes chosen to assist the chairman and to serve as chairman in the absence of the chairman, or when a motion involving the chairman is being discussed. In the absence of the chairman and vice chairman, groups sometimes elect a chairman pro tempore to fill the role for a single meeting.

The word chair can refer to the place from which the holder of the office presides, whether on a chair, at a lectern, or elsewhere. During meetings, the person presiding is said to be “in the chair”, the person is also referred to as “the chair.” Parliamentary procedure requires that members address the “chair” rather than the “chairman,” or by using a person's name. This is one of many customs indended to maintain the presiding officer's impartiality and insuring an objective and impersonal approach.

Riddick's Rules of Procedure, among others, claim an etymology of chairman as derived from the Latin manus, and uses this to claim gender-neutrality for the word. Etymologists consider this a false etymology. The genuine etymology of the word is from "chair" (a seat or office of authority) and "man", a person.

Corporate governance

A Chairman is selected by a company's board to lead the board of directors, preside over meetings, and lead the board to consensus from the disparate points of view of its members. The chairman is the presiding director over the other directors on the board and is expected to be fair, a good listener, and a good communicator.

In public companies, the role of the chairman of the board is distinct from that of the company's CEO or managing director. This point has more recently been brought into focus after corporate governance shortcomings were observed in companies where the two roles are combined. It is believed that the separation of functions within the board of directors or in the structure of the supervisory board and management board would facilitate control over the workings of the company and increase the accountability of the CEO or chairman of the management board.

In an attempt to inject transparency into the relationship between executive management and the board of directors as well as between management and the market or shareholders, the UK Cadbury Report was published in 1992. Its recommendations have been adopted to a greater or lesser extent by some countries within the European Union and the United States, as well as by the World Bank.

Chairman of the Board types

In the case of companies and similarly-organized bodies, there are generally two types of chairmen, non-executive and executive.

Non-executive

A non-executive Chairman of the Board is and does the following:

• A part-time officeholder who sits on and chairs the main board of a company.
• Provides support and advice to a CEO.
• This position usually entails fulfilling a similar function on a number of additional board committees, as well as being a political figurehead of the Company.

Executive

An executive Chairman of the Board is and does the following:

• A full-time officeholder who typically leads the board and also takes a hands-on role in the company's day-to-day management.
• Helps the CEO to oversee all the operational aspects involved in running the company, which include project planning and development delivery, retail and leasing, sales, market research and many other areas within their extensive scope.
• Has overall responsibility for the company which involves engineering and controlling the company's current growth in and future expansion into international markets.
• In addition, oversees all projects' development activities and related businesses of the company, with the intention of generating financial returns for the shareholders and driving sustainable development.

The chairman often sets the style of leadership of the board which in turn filters down through the organization.

See also

Look up chair, chairman, chairwoman, chairperson, or preside in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Chair (Polish academic department)
• UK company law
• US corporate law
• European company law
• German company law

Notes

References

• Alice Sturgis; American Institute of Parliamentarians (2001). "19 Officers: The President ...". The standard code of parliamentary procedure (Fourth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 162–165. ISBN 978-0071365130